Great principals lead teaching and learning at their schools
Principals at successful schools understand the strengths and needs of their students and they know what is happening in the classrooms at their schools. These principals play an active role in planning and supporting instruction that is appropriate for their students, and they ensure that school time and resources are focused on student achievement.
Questions to ask at your school
- Ask your principal: What are our school's main academic goals?
- Ask your prinicipal: What steps are being taken to achieve those goals?
- Look up your school's achievement data on GreatSchools.org and ask your principal: How is the school addressing weaknesses or gaps in student achievement?
Nearly 60 percent of Moscone Elementary School's students are English language learners, but Principal Patty Martel is determined that all of her students will be proficient in reading in English by the time they move on to middle school. In support of this goal, she allocates money from her limited school budget to pay for an early intervention literacy program as soon as a student begins struggling with reading. She also requires that all programs at her school include an element of literacy. Reading and writing are integrated into art, science, and everything else the students do.
Principals must also understand what test scores and other data say about their students' learning and use the information to help teachers set goals and improve instruction.
When test scores at Alvarado Elementary School showed that some groups of students were not reading and writing as well as others, Principal David Weiner helped teachers develop a new plan. Teachers across the school coordinated their reading and writing instruction, so that struggling students could receive direct instruction from a literacy specialist in addition to the classroom teacher.
Successful principals must constantly evaluate what is working and what is not, and use that information to make improvements.
Great principals hire, develop, and retain excellent teachers
One of a principal's most important roles is ensuring that every student is taught by an excellent teacher. Although it can be time-consuming, principals must actively recruit good teachers to their schools. Principals can visit teacher education classes to find promising new teachers; they can open their schools to student teachers and try to hire the good ones; and they can talk to teachers and other principals to find quality experienced teachers who might be looking for new positions.
Principals must also support and develop the teachers they have. Research shows that principal leadership is a key factor in a teacher's decision to stay at a particular school. Much of a principal's time should be spent in classrooms observing teachers, complimenting their strengths, and offering specific suggestions for improvement. If a teacher is struggling with a particular issue or group of kids, the principal should be in the classroom as often as possible, watching and helping the teacher develop more successful strategies.
Patricia Gray, principal at Balboa High School, says that she spent two to three hours a day observing in classrooms and talking with teachers during her first several years as principal. Principal Weiner notes that many teachers initially objected to the hours he spent observing in classrooms at Alvarado, but he quickly found that the best teachers were eager to work with him to improve their teaching